| Small Business Accounting NZ

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A plain English guide to profit and loss

As a business owner it is important that you get the right information and understand the numbers. Here’s our Plain English guide to profit and loss and what this report reveals about your finances.

What is profit and loss?

Your profit and loss statement is commonly called your PnL. It’s also sometimes referred to as your income statement or statement of earnings.

Your PnL is a breakdown of your company’s revenue (money coming into the company as sales and other income) and your expenditure (direct costs, overheads, expenses, and other costs).

As a business, you obviously want to turn a profit and make money. Keeping a close eye on your PnL allows you to track your revenues and expenses over a set period and look for ways to boost your profitability as a business.

How does profit and loss affect your business?

Being in control of your financial management is hugely important for any business. Your PnL is one of the main ways to track and analyse this financial performance.

To manage your PnL effectively, it’s important to focus on:

Revenue management – to keep your revenue (income) healthy, you need to be proactive about generating sales and monitoring your revenue streams. This helps keep your income steady and stable, while also identifying areas for growth and improvement.
Expense control – tracking and monitoring your operating expenses helps you spot where spending efficiencies could be made. Whether it’s overhead costs or inventory overspending, your PnL helps you spot unnecessary costs and boost profits.
Cost analysis – analysing your business costs can help you spot the opportunities for saving money. Whether it’s agreeing a discount for buying in bulk, or switching to a new supplier with cheaper rates, there are plenty of ways to cut costs and be more profitable.
Monitoring gross margin – reviewing the company’s gross margins helps you assess the profitability of each product or service. By pushing up prices, or cutting your production costs, you can boost those margins to drive up profits.
Financial reporting – preparing regular profit and loss statements is key to good financial management. Reviewing your PnL helps you assess the overall financial performance of the company and make better-informed decisions.

When you’re in control of your PnL, you have a tighter hold on the reins of your profitability.

As your accountants, we can provide regular reports as part of our monthly package to enable you to track income and expenses. If you need more visibility on your finances or don’t currently receive a PnL but would like to, get in touch.

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